The 11th National Classical Studies Annual Conference, hosted by the Chinese Comparative Classical Studies Association and organized by the Boya (Liberal Arts) College and the Classical Studies Research Center of Sun Yat-sen University, was convened at Sun Yat-sen University from June 15 to 16, 2024. This year's annual conference, themed "Plato and Classical Studies," attracted nearly 200 experts, scholars, and doctoral students from various universities and research institutions across China.

The opening ceremony

 

 

　　The opening addresses were delivered by Zhang Zhigan, Secretary and Chairman of the Party Leadership Group of the Guangdong Social Sciences Association; Liu Jike, Vice President of Sun Yat-sen University; and Wu Fei, Professor in the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies and Chairman of the Professional Committee of Classical Studies at Peking University. The opening ceremony of the conference was presided over by Chen Jianhong, Dean of the Boya (Liberal Arts) College of Sun Yat-sen University.

　　Vice President Liu Jike has called upon scholars of classical studies to heed the appeal of General Secretary Xi Jinping by engaging in the research of both Eastern and Western classical studies. This endeavor aims to foster the exchange and mutual learning between Eastern and Western civilizations, leveraging the profound cultural heritage of China to provide intellectual resources of classical wisdom for the construction of "a community with a shared future for mankind." In his address, Secretary Zhang Zhigan of the Guangdong Social Sciences Association highlighted the significant symbolic importance of hosting the 11th National Classical Studies Annual Conference at Sun Yat-sen University, alongside the inauguration of the "Classical Studies Research Center." Guangdong Social Sciences Association looks forward to deepening its collaboration with Sun Yat-sen University, thereby making greater contributions to the accelerated development of a philosophy and social sciences framework with Chinese characteristics and the establishment of an independent Chinese knowledge system.

　　In his address, Professor Wu Fei articulated that the influence of Western classics largely stems from Plato. The recent publication of two newly translated complete works of Plato by Professors Liu Xiaofeng and Xiong Lin signifies a significant achievement in the translation and study of Plato in China. Professor Wu urged the attending scholars to persistently advance domestic research on Plato, elevating it to new heights and realms.

 

 

　　Subsequently, a ceremonial unveiling was held to mark the approval of the Classical Studies Research Center at Sun Yat-sen University as a Guangdong Provincial Social Sciences Research Base. Secretary Zhang Zhigan and Vice President Liu Jike, along with other distinguished guests, participated in the unveiling of the research base. This successful approval signifies that Sun Yat-sen University possesses advantageous conditions in various aspects of classical studies research, including talented teams, specialized research, and international collaboration. It is poised to evolve from a pioneer in classical studies research into a significant stronghold for classical studies research nationwide.

The unveiling ceremony

 

 

　　The thematic addresses of the conference were presided over by Associate Professor Li Changchun from Sun Yat-sen University.

　　The first to present was Professor Cui Yanqiang from Southwest University, who delivered a paper titled How is Skepticism Possible as a Way of Life?—An Understanding Based on Pyrrhonism and the Middle Academy. Professor Cui posits that the classical skepticism of Pyrrhonism and the Middle Academy is not merely a critique of logocentrism but also an attempt to maintain doubt and achieve tranquility as a way of life. It is both a deconstructive, non-systematic philosophy and a guardian of the experiential world, common sense, habits, and traditions, expressing a clear inclination towards naturalism.

　　Following this, Professor Zhang Wentao from Chongqing University presented his paper titled Sex and the Heavenly Way—The Problem of "Nature" and Plato's Foundation of Moral and Political Order. Professor Zhang highlighted that Plato's concept of "nature" extends the notion of nature from natural philosophy to encompass human beings themselves. The construction of the ideal state, as depicted by Plato, necessitates reliance on a form of natural legitimacy that transcends human nature. This implies that Plato's construction of moral and political order requires grounding in "nature" on two levels: the individual and the cosmos, or sex and the heavenly way.

　　Subsequently, Professor Lin Zhimeng from Zhejiang University delivered a report titled Plato on Nature and Power, aiming to explore the ancient Greek philosopher's understanding of nature and justice, as well as his reflections on human nature and politics. Plato emphasized the natural composition of the soul and its significance in political life, asserting that true justice should focus on the harmony of the soul. Professor Lin posits that Plato's concept of natural justice, centered on the soul and virtue, transcends the notion of justice defined by the might of the strong.

　　Finally, Professor Chen Bisheng from Tsinghua University presented his paper, The Formation of the "Ritual and Music" Nature of Chinese Civilization: The "Establishment of Rituals and Creation of Music" in the Post-Zheng Xuan Era. Professor Chen posited that the crafting of grand ceremonies by dynasties epitomizes the essence of Chinese civilization as one rooted in ritual and music. Throughout its history, China has established its governance through ritual, making it a shared standard for both the emperor and the common people. After Zheng Xuan, classical studies shifted towards the study of rituals. Following Xun Yi's composition of the Jin Dynasty's Rituals, successive dynasties established their rule by instituting rituals, all of which were based on the fundamental standards of the Five Rites.

　　The addresses by the four scholars concluded, and the annual conference transitioned into the phase of sub-forum discussions.

 

 

(I) A Special topic on Plato

　　The theme of this annual conference, "Plato and Classical Studies," encompassed a series of sub-forums dedicated to discussions on topics related to Plato. These included the Socratic problem, as well as Plato's political philosophy, metaphysics, rhetoric, and aesthetics. Nearly 30 scholars presented their papers on these subjects.

A symposium on platonic studies

　　The morning of the 15th day of the month witnessed the commencement of sub-forum discussions following the thematic presentations. The second venue's discussion, presided over by Professor Ding Yun, delved into the philosophy and life of Socrates. Professor Wei Chaoyong from the Department of Chinese Language and Literature at Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai) delivered a presentation titled Beauty Itself and the Self-Ownership: The Philosophical Life of Socrates. His discourse elucidated three aspects, including "Beauty Itself and the Contempt for the Mundane," "Self-Ownership and Anti-Human Nature," and "Philosophical Life and Political Contempt," positing that Socrates' philosophical life embodies a truth-seeking existence marked by disdain for worldly politics. Professor Liang Zhonghe from Sichuan University explored the role of "shame" in the educational philosophies of Socrates and Confucius in his presentation Knowing Countenance and Knowing Shame, asserting that "knowing shame" is the inception of the pursuit of virtue. Associate Professor Cui Wei from Beijing International Studies University presented The Socratic Problem in Xenophon's Writings, offering a meticulous analysis of Strauss's interpretation of Memorabilia. Assistant Professor Wu Hongzhao from Sun Yat-sen University, in his report Socrates' Political Inactionism, argued that Socrates' "political art" signifies merely a dialectical "methodism," which does not contradict his advocacy for "inaction/serenity" on the practical level.

　　The third sub-forum discussion was presided over by Professor Zhang Wentao from Chongqing University, focusing on the theme of Plato's soul and politics. Associate Professor Huang Junsong from the Boya (Liberal Arts) College of Sun Yat-sen University presented Plato on the Politics of the Soul, which analyzed the soul doctrine in Book Four of The Republic, based on the "law of opposing conflicts," and its relationship with the soul doctrine in Book Nine. Assistant Professor Fan Li from Tongji University delivered a report titled The Anatomy of Melancholy: The Tyrant in "The Republic", interpreting the tyrannical personality as the disappearance of "limits" in the soul, leading to a state of pure "infinity." Assistant Professor Shi Liang from Shenzhen University, in his presentation "The Inconsistency of Personal and Civic Justice in The Republic," argued that the inconsistency in the analogy between the soul and the city-state is a deliberate arrangement by Plato, suggesting that civic or political justice is a provisional measure in the exploration of justice. Associate Research Fellow Wan Hao from the Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences, in his report How to Understand Crito in Plato's Writings: Taking "Euthydemus" as an Example, pointed out that the relationship between Socrates and Crito is a microcosm of the relationship between the philosopher and the common man. The Socratic political philosopher endeavors to guide the common man to dwell beneath philosophy yet above civic life, seeking what is both beautiful and good in their own potential.

　　The fourth sub-forum discussion, chaired by Professor Lin Zhimeng from Zhejiang University, delved into the metaphysics, linguistic theories, and rhetoric of Plato. Professor Yuan Ying from Soochow University presented a report titled Plato's View on "Rhetorical Persona", where she analyzed the theoretical inheritance between Plato and Aristotle regarding the "appeal of character" through works such as Gorgias, Phaedrus, and Crito. Associate Professor Jiang Lu from the Department of Philosophy at Sun Yat-sen University, in her interpretation The "One" and "Being"—An Interpretation of the Second Part of Plato's Parmenides (136c-166b), argued that the "One" in Parmenides is not the transcendent and ineffable "One" as interpreted by Neoplatonism, but rather an object that can be grasped through conceptual thought. Lecturer Professor Huang Shuishi from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, in his report On the Mission of Platonic Philosophy, posited that Plato's philosophy aims to establish a foundation through the soul's self-persuasion. Associate Professor Luo Xinggang from Northeast Normal University, in his exploration Returning to Plato: Investigating the Dilemmas of Contemporary Philosophy of Language, suggested that Plato's Socrates not only encountered issues akin to those in contemporary philosophy of language but also concealed in potential solutions to these modern linguistic dilemmas in the dialogues. Assistant Research Fellow Zhang Yong from Sichuan Normal University, in his report Modern Studies of Sophists and Their Two Approaches, highlighted that the elevated status of sophists in modern times is undoubtedly closely linked to the unfolding of modernity.

　　The fifth sub-forum discussion delved into Plato's political philosophy, chaired by Professor Sun Lei from Tongji University. Lecturer Li Zhiyuan from Renmin University of China presented a report titled Cephalus's Justice and Piety, which provided a detailed exposition of the content from Book I, 328c-331d, of The Republic. He argued that the interaction between Cephalus and Socrates exemplifies the conflict between poetic education and philosophy, as well as the distinction between tyranny and kingship. Associate Professor Xiao Youzhi from Shanghai University presented Socrates and Cephalus, interpreting the text from 328b4-331d9. He posited that Socrates' soul is characterized by an insatiable desire to learn from others and to recognize different individuals in society (knowing others), thereby achieving self-awareness (knowing thyself). Lecturer Xiao Fenfang from Soochow University, in her presentation Father-Son Relationships: Plato and Confucius's Different Political Conceptions, highlighted that Plato's attitude towards the family system in The Republic represents a quintessential Western perspective on the concept of family. This "family concept" or "family philosophy" also underscores the differences between Eastern and Western thought. Research Fellow Chen Wenjie from the Guangzhou Academy of Social Sciences presented The "Last Judgment" in Plato's The Republic, suggesting that the message conveyed by Eros in the myth of the "Last Judgment" contains numerous elements later found in the Christian Revelation of John and significantly illustrates the important distinctions between philosophy and religion.

　　In the first-unit discussion commencing at 2:00 pm, the first sub-forum discussion centered on the political philosophy issues spanning from the era of Homer to Plato. Professor Sun Lei from Tongji University presented a report titled From "Philosopher King" to "Legislative Philosopher": An Exploration of Plato's Concept of the "Legislative Philosopher". This report delved into the reasons behind Plato's ideological shift from the notion of the "Philosopher King" to that of the "Legislative Philosopher," elucidating the classical tradition of legislative philosophers who employed divine guidance to educate in the realms of heaven, earth, gods, and humanity. Associate Professor He Xiangdi from Chongqing University delivered a report on The Fourfold World and Fourfold Ethics in Homer's Epics, positing that the fourfold ethics in Homer's epics represent behavioral norms for four distinct worlds, exhibiting a trend of negation of negation. Associate Reseach Fellow Xiong Wenchi from Shanghai International Studies University revisited the themes of Pride of the Wise in "Νεφέλαι" and "Protagoras" and Others, analyzing the differences between Socratic wisdom and that of the sophists. Lecturer Xue Qican from Sanming University in Fujian explored the choice of conversational styles in Protagoras, identifying key clues to understanding Plato's writing intentions and dialogue techniques. Lastly, Professor Zhang Guodong from Fujian Jiangxia University analyzed Plato's views on the free market as presented in The Republic.

　　On the morning of the 16th day of the month, the first sub-forum was presided over by Research Fellow Wu Yaling from the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, focusing on the theme of Plato's aesthetics and theory of the soul. Postdoctoral Researcher Li He from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences presented a report titled Plato on Love and Beauty, highlighting that in ancient Greek aesthetics, beauty is intricately linked to human desire. Beauty is not only the object of desire but also the metaphysical key to its realization. Research Fellow Liu Hanlin from Shanxi Normal University, in his work Love and Beauty: The Biological Aesthetic Thought in "Symposium", analyzed the different dimensions of love and beauty, inspiring the ideas of Nietzsche, Darwin, and Dawkins. Lecturer He Shaojin from Southeast University delivered a report titled The Good Life and the Inevitability of Governance, comparing the commonalities between Plato and Zhuangzi (369-286 BCE, ancient Chinese philosopher) regarding the good life. The cyclical argument of humans and politics suggests that whether it is the ideal city-state or philosopher-king rule, both are challenging to achieve in reality. Professor Gao Shankui from Jinan University presented an analysis titled An Examination of Plato's Concept of the Soul and His Fourfold Argument for Its Immortality, exploring Plato's understanding of the soul's essence and his four proofs of its immortality.

 

(II) Other Special Topics of Western Studies

 

　　The breadth of other special discussions on Western studies spans from ancient Greece to modern times, encompassing figures such as Homer, the tragic poets, Aristotle, Neoplatonism, Locke, and Schmitt. The topics cover a wide range, including poetics, philosophy, and even issues of political economy, with over 30 scholars presenting their papers.

A symposium on ancient Greek philosophy

　　During the first unit of the afternoon of the 15th day of the month, Professor Wei Chaoyong from Sun Yat-sen University presided over the second sub-forum, which focused on the theme of ancient Greek mythology and tragedy. Research Fellow Wu Yaling from the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences presented a report titled The Homeric Hymns and the Origins of Myth: An Exegesis of the "Hymn to Demeter", offering a meticulous analysis of issues such as rituals and the relationship between gods and humans in the hymn. Lecturer Yang Shihui from Guizhou Normal University delivered a report on The Staff of Hermes, elucidating the motifs of sleep and transformation in the fifth book. Research Fellow Luo Feng from East China Normal University presented Revaluation of Values: An Interpretation of Euripides' "Hippolytus", arguing that Euripides, by fully displaying the ambiguity of "shame" and "moderation," reveals the inherent dilemmas of traditional virtues. Associate Professor Wang Ruixue from Sun Yat-sen University, in her presentation Theater, Poetics, and Politics, embarked on a genealogical study to examine the evolution of theatrical forms and the tension in scholarly commentary, analyzing how the problematic nature of drama enters the dissemination and transformation of "Greekness" as a practice of meaning, becoming a representation of the negotiation of the polysemy of dynastic ideology. Assistant Professor Huang Zhengpei, from Sun Yat-sen University, in his report Friendship and Politics in "Philoctetes", pointed out that the three main characters in the play collectively highlight Sophocles' call for genuine friendship lost in the polis, thus deeply engaging the play in the process of reconstructing the entire civic order following the failure of the expedition.

　　The third sub-forum was presided over by Professor Liang Zhonghe from Sichuan University, focusing on the theme of Neoplatonism and Roman-era philosophy. Associate Professor Tian Shufeng from the Department of Philosophy at Sun Yat-sen University presented a report titled Does Plotinus Have an Ethics?. He argued that Plotinus' ethics possess only a relative independence and are directed towards metaphysics. Special Associate Research Fellow Hu Aixin, also from the Philosophy Department of Sun Yat-sen University, in her presentation The Non-Desiring Eρος (Eros), proposed that in Enneads' III 5, Plotinus expands Eros into a "transcendent/separate love," integrating it as an ontological element in his systematic cosmic vision, thus marking a transition in the philosophical study of love from soul-psychology to metaphysics-cosmology. Assistant Research Fellow Gu Zhiying from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences delivered a report titled Cicero's "On Duties" and Its Source Issues, asserting that there is no justification to extend source research to Cicero's other works, nor can we deny Cicero's identity as a thinker and original writer. Lecturer Cheng Qianwen from Shanghai Normal University reported on Questioning the Philosophical Poet Plato: Lucian's "Symposium or the Lapiths" highlighting that Lucian's work contains a parodic inversion of the beginning of Symposium and parodies content from Homer and the tragic poet Euripides, inheriting the comedic spirit of the comic poet Aristophanes.

　　The fourth sub-forum, focusing on the themes of philosophy, literature, and art from the Hellenistic period to the Middle Ages, was presided over by Associate Professor Wang Chengjiao from the Boya (Liberal Arts) College of Sun Yat-sen University. Associate Professor Luo Xiaoying from Chongqing University presented a report titled Nietzsche's Epicurus, in which she explored Nietzsche's reflections and sentiments on Epicurus, highlighting the profound differences in their understanding of the role of religion. Associate Professor Xu Jian from Guizhou University delivered a report on The Historical Evolution of the Stoic View on Property, reconstructing the early Stoic general communist ideals and their subsequent arguments for personal property, ultimately addressing how their doctrine of private property foreshadowed modern concepts of property rights. Tenured Assistant Professor Ding Yao from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, in her report On the Return of Greek Culture in the Middle Ages, pointed out that the "Oyster Art" in Rhodanthe and Dosikles exemplifies Byzantine literature's inheritance of ancient Greek art. Assistant Research Fellow Wang Di from the Yuelu Academy of Hunan University presented The Origins of Satirical Literature—An Introduction to Classical Satirical Literature in the East and West, noting that while ancient and modern satirical literature share similar social functions, their roots and modes of expression are distinctly different.

　　The seminar of the second unit on the afternoon of the 15th day of the month commenced at 15:30. The first sub-forum was presided over by Associate Professor Huang Junsong from the Boya (Liberal Arts) College of Sun Yat-sen University, focusing on the theme of ancient political systems and historical order. Assistant Professor Li Zhi from Sun Yat-sen University presented a report titled The Influence of City-State Traditions on the Early Unified States of Western Asia, which meticulously traced the historical evolution of the Sumerians from city-states during the Early Dynastic Period to a centralized state under the Third Dynasty of Ur. Professor Song Bingtao from Henan University delivered a report titled The Militaristic Nature and Bandit Economy Logic of the Greco-Roman System, arguing that Western political thought has scarcely surpassed the heights of Greek utopian thinkers, with issues of execution efficiency remaining largely unaddressed. Associate Professor Hao Chunpeng from Shanghai Normal University presented Political Systems and Order—Plato's Philosophy of History, suggesting that according to ancient philosophers like Plato and Aristotle, human history is essentially the history of human civilization, namely the development of city-states and politics. Lecturer Li Yuanjun from Jinan University, in his report Truth and Goodness in Cosmology, posited that ancient Chinese calendrical studies typically align with the situation described by the "Needham Question." The Confucian tradition since the Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 AD), which prioritized moral goodness over empirical truth, has hindered scientific progress.

　　The second sub-forum was chaired by Lecturer Li Zhiyuan from Renmin University of China, focusing on political thought from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment. Research Fellow He Fangying from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences presented a report titled The Virtue of Kings and the Construction of Rousseau's Republican Theory, which meticulously examined the section "On Kings" in Considerations on the Government of Poland, attempting to address foundational issues in Rousseau's republican theory. Lecturer Li Zhixing from Shantou University delivered a report titled Reflections on Rousseau's "Julie ou la Nouvelle Héloïse", Letter 18 of Volume Three, highlighting that beyond the natural state theory based on desire, Rousseau emphasized that nature also inscribed the principles of virtue and the love of virtue in the human soul, both of which ultimately led Julie to embrace sacred religion. Assistant Research Fellow Zhang Peijun from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences presented Rousseau's Ancient Masks, arguing that Rousseau's lifelong intellectual concerns and inherent contradictions were already evident in the discourse of Fabricius, and that Rousseau ultimately did not return to classical solutions to address modern political philosophy. Associate Research Fellow Wang Shuanghong from the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences presented Bacon's Old Wine in New Bottles, pointing out that The Wisdom of the Ancients actually uses ancient allegories to express the wisdom of a modern individual. Associate Professor Ye Youzhen from Yan'an University reported on Milton and Tacitus, noting that Milton extensively quoted and adapted Tacitus's historical accounts to convey his teachings on the importance of pursuing inner freedom.

A symposium on other topics in Western studies

　　The third sub-forum was presided over by Professor Hong Tao from Fudan University, focusing on the theme of modern political philosophy. Associate Professor Chen Yan from Guizhou Normal University presented a paper titled The Origins of Grotius's "Law of War", offering an introduction and critique of the issues found in The Law of Prize and Booty and Mare Liberum. Lecturer Zhang Zhichao from Changshu Institute of Technology delivered a report entitled Schmitt's Early Theories on the Formation of International Order, which examined the specific historical and institutional forms criticized by Schmitt, followed by a discussion on sovereignty, ultimately linking these discussions to Schmitt's deconstruction of liberal geopolitics. Lecturer Wang Hui from Hunan Normal University, in his report Locke on Political Authority in a Free Society, argued that Locke's natural law maintains neutrality regarding the correctness of natural justice itself. Consequently, to better extract from nature and satisfy, or even stimulate, the human pursuit of a comfortable life, modern states wield exclusive authority. Lecturer Zhang Nan from Inner Mongolia University presented The Loss of Redemption and the Emergence of Pride, analyzing the cover illustration of Leviathan to demonstrate how the depiction of the sovereign state on the cover diminishes the significance of religious redemption, subtly revealing the prideful nature of rulers.

　　The fourth sub-forum was presided over by Professor Zhu Gang from Sun Yat-sen University, focusing on Heidegger's interpretation of classical thought. Professor Fabian Heubel from the Academia Sinica in Taiwan presented a report titled The Reversibility of Existence, which delved into the philosophical imagery of Laozi's "Valley" and Plato's "Cave," illustrating how Heidegger was inspired by the thoughts of Laozi and Zhuangzi. Associate Professor Wang Jiangtao from East China University of Political Science and Law delivered a report entitled Beauty and Logos: Heidegger's Interpretation of "Phaedrus", offering a fresh reinterpretation of Heidegger's analysis of passages from Phaedrus and a renewed understanding of the concept of beauty in it. Assistant Research Fellow Cheng Gong from the Shanghai Social Sciences Development Research Center and the editorial department of Academic Monthly presented on The Spatial Implications and Fundamental Ontology in Heidegger's Interpretation of "Hymn to Man", viewing the interpretation of Hymn to Man as a structural transformation of fundamental ontology based on spatiality, thereby grasping an essential approach to the form of Greek ontology. Associate Professor Cao Chunping from Yangzhou University presented Ferrying Between Dream and Intoxication, which traced the evolution of the concept of Bildung among German Romantic educational philosophers, reflecting the educators' quest for value and meaning between abstract modern educational philosophy theories and the social practices of nation-states.

　　On the morning of the 16th day of the month, the second sub-forum was presided over by Associate Professor Xiao Youzhi from Shanghai University, with the theme centered on Aristotle's philosophy of nature. Lecturer Li Zhilong from Hunan Normal University presented a report titled "Nature Abhors a Vacuum": On the Metaphysical Foundations of Aristotle's Conception of Space. He highlighted that Aristotle considered a subtle medium as a necessary condition for continuous motion, and Aristotelianism is an essential component for understanding 17th-century mechanism. Lecturer Liu Kezhou from Chongqing University delivered a report entitled "Man Begets Man": The Principle of Synonymy in Aristotle's Metaphysics, which elucidated that the example of "man begets man" in Metaphysics discusses the so-called "principle of synonymy." This principle offers an opportunity to address two critical issues, including whether substantial form is universal or individual, and whether the theory of matter and form is relational or constitutive. Assistant Research Fellow Dai Biyun from Nankai University, in her presentation Rethinking Galen's Concept of "Nature" from On the Natural Faculties, pointed out that Galen's concept of nature encompasses inherent capabilities and intrinsic natural purposes. Galen's references to nature's foresight and skill also allude to Democritus. Postdoctoral Researcher Zhang Xiao from the Boya (Liberal Arts) College of Sun Yat-sen University reported on Aristotle on Natural Justice, noting that natural justice, as the "original justice," regulates the concrete laws of specific city-states. Essentially, natural justice is the appropriate judgment of individuals regarding particular issues and modes of conduct, thereby distinguishing Aristotle's natural justice from later theories of natural law.

 

 

　　The special topics on Chinese studies encompass a wide array of topics, including the philosophies of thinkers of the Pre-Qin Period (before 221 BCE), Neo-Confucianism of the Song (960-1279) and Ming (1368-1644) Dynasties, ancient philology, and various aspects of traditional culture. Over fifty scholars presented their papers.

A special topic of Confucianism

　　On the morning of the 15th day of the month, the first session was presided over by Professor Wu Fei from Peking University, focusing on the Confucian philosophy of the Pre-Qin Period. Research Fellow Xing Yihai from the Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences presented a paper titled Returning to the Roots and Innovating in Zhang Xuecheng's Scholarship from the Perspective of Civilizational History. He emphasized Zhang Xuecheng's advocacy that the present is connected to the past, sages learn from the common people, and the Dao is inseparable from tangible things and daily human interactions. This reflects the perspective and methodology of civilizational history. Professor Li Qingliang from the Yuelu Academy of Hunan University delivered a report titled From the Tradition of "Knowing People" to Classical Interpretation—An Important Contribution of Confucianism of the Pre-Qin Period. He highlighted that the tradition of "knowing people" is a significant source of China's classical interpretation tradition, with Confucianism of the Pre-Qin Period contributing to the development of this tradition. Associate Professor Ma Yongkang from the Department of Philosophy at Sun Yat-sen University presented a report titled The "Stable Fire" Chapter in the Analects and Confucius's Human Consciousness of Benevolence. He argued that, based on historical context, the "Stable Fire" chapter's emphasis on valuing people over animals reflects Confucius's human-centered benevolence and its limitations. Criticizing Confucius's disregard for animals with later concepts of benevolence and love for all creatures constitutes an anachronistic fallacy. Lecturer Ren Chongbin from the National Academy of Governance presented a report titled A New Interpretation of the "Wen Mo Wu You Ren Ye (In Letters I Am Perhaps Equal to Other Men)" Chapter in "Shu'er" in the Analects of Confucius. He suggested that the character "Mo" should be read as "Mao," in conjunction with "Wen," forming the idiom "Wen Mao," which refers to ritual and ceremonial etiquette in the Pre-Qin and Han Periods. Lecturer Yao Yong from Central South University delivered a report titled A Philosophical Analysis of the Concept of "Anger" in Confucianism of the Pre-Qin Period. He pointed out that the exploration of anger in Confucianism of the Pre-Qin Period is deeply practical, involving the cultivation of individual character, the regulation of moral rules, and the construction of social order, thus laying the foundational perspective for later Confucian understanding of anger and other emotional activities.

　　The sixth session focused on the concepts of virtue and ritual in Confucianism of the Pre-Qin Period, presided over by Professor Chen Bisheng from Tsinghua University. Professor Chen Qiaojian from the Department of Philosophy at Sun Yat-sen University presented a report titled Four Aspects of Xunzi's Theory of Ritual, highlighting Xunzi's four main interpretations of the origin, function, and significance of "ritual," including "the three roots of ritual," "ritual as nourishment," "the unifying principle of ritual and righteousness," and the "innate abilities and qualities of humans." Lecturer Li Fujian from Guangdong Pharmaceutical University delivered a report titled Establishing the Sacred Authority for the Moral Education of Ritual and Righteousness. He argued that Xunzi believed Mencius's theory of "innate goodness" could lead to the abandonment of sage-kings and the cessation of ritual and righteousness, making it difficult to establish moral education due to the lack of sacred authority. Sacred authority, according to Xunzi, is essential for achieving a rational order in political life. Associate Research Fellow Xu Xiang from the Department of Philosophy at Sun Yat-sen University presented a report titled The Written Dialogues of Rational Discourse: Analyzing the Rhetorical Approach in "Mencius". He pointed out that the rhetorical approach of "written dialogues" in Mencius not only pertains to the discourse practice of ethical and political life but also to the theoretical construction guided by reasoning. Associate Research Fellow Li Xu from the Zhejiang Academy of Social Sciences delivered a report titled On the Concept of "Goodness" in Confucius's View. He noted that "goodness" is a central concept in moral philosophy, and in The Analects of Confucius, it is often used in a non-moral sense, referring more to practical wisdom and the state of moderation. Associate Professor Niu Zezhen from the Department of Philosophy at Guangdong Institute of Public Administration presented a report titled "Mencius as a Person of Actions"—Zhu Xi's Interpretation of Mencius's Persuasion Strategy. He emphasized that Zhu Xi, in his interpretation of Mencius, highlighted both the "idealistic" aspect of Mencius's political thought and the "realistic" aspect of his "making comments on public figures and social affairs."

　　The seventh session, centered on the interpretation of ancient scripts, was presided over by Professor Ke Xiaogang from Tongji University. Professor Zhang Fengqian from Xi'an International University delivered a report titled Annotations on the Bamboo Slips of "Wenzi" from Bajiaolang. Professor Zhang provided further clarification and commentary on the text of the Wenzi bamboo slips unearthed from Tomb No. 40 in Bajiaolang Village. Associate Professor Cai Yifeng from the Boya (Liberal Arts) College of Sun Yat-sen University presented a report titled Six Interpretations of Words and Phrases in the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips "San Buwei". Professor Cai offered annotations on six sections in San Buwei. Assistant Research Fellow Jin Fangting from the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences delivered a report titled On Several Special Phenomena of Inconsistent Inscriptions on Zhou Dynasty Bronze Vessel Covers. Professor Jin highlighted the phenomenon where some Zhou Dynasty bronze vessels exhibit discrepancies between the inscriptions on the vessel and its cover, and elucidated the reasons behind this. Assistant Research Fellow Li Xiaofan from the Department of Philosophy at Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai) presented a report titled Another Perspective on Early Theories of Public Sentiment—Starting from the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips "Hou Fu" and the Notion of "The Unpredictability of Public Sentiment". She pointed out that the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips Hou Fu emphasizes "knowing the root through the leaves," suggesting that careful consideration of the actions of the people is essential for effective governance, thus highlighting the governance challenge of the unpredictability of public sentiment. Associate Professor Yuan Qing from the Department of Philosophy at Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai) delivered a report titled On the Central Ideas of "Zhongni Said" in the Anda Bamboo Slips and Its Concept of "Cautious Solitude". Professor Yuan argued that the central theme of Zhongni Said is how to become a person of character, focusing on the careful speech and conduct required for such a transformation. The concept of "cautious solitude" in Zhongni Said should be interpreted as being prudent in speech and action when alone, differing from the meaning of "cautious solitude" in "sincerity of intention."

　　On the afternoon of the 15th day of the month, the fifth session of the first unit was dedicated to the philosophy of Zhuangzi, presided over by Professor Li Qingliang from Hunan University. Professor Ke Xiaogang from Tongji University delivered a presentation titled The Death of Hundun and the Reconstruction of the World, offering an exegesis of Responding to Kings of Zhuangzi. He highlighted that Responding to Kings articulates a critical response to the era of new emperors. Professor Yang Yong from the Department of History at Sun Yat-sen University presented a report titled Re-examining the Friendship between Zhuangzi and Hui Shi, noting that Hui Shi was a significant interlocutor in Zhuangzi's creation of the seven chapters. Lecturer Song Degang from Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts presented The Hermit's Suicide and Extreme Thinking, analyzing the hermit's suicide in the Letting Go of Kings chapter of Zhuangzi. He pointed out that Zhuangzi's views on life and death, which equate life and death and find joy in the release from life's burdens, collectively dissolve the fear of death. Lecturer Zhong Rongbing from Chongqing University presented Encounter, Wandering, Time, Fate, and Virtue: The Hidden Conceptual Chain in Zhuangzi's Philosophy. He noted that the concepts of "no mind" and "no dependence" are concentrated in the idea of "encounter," characterized by spontaneity and the absence of preconceptions or expectations. Associate Professor Su Hang from the Department of Philosophy at Sun Yat-sen University presented on A Subtle Exploration of Zhuangzi's Concept of Fate, emphasizing that Zhuangzi's notion of "fate" essentially defines the aspect of transformation that pertains to one's inherent nature. By reducing "fate" to transformation, "accepting fate" is achieved through the internalization of external conditions.

　　The sixth session primarily delved into the Confucian tradition's exploration of the relationship between Heaven and humanity, presided over by Editor Tong Guangxiu from the Journal of Sun Yat-sen University. Distinguished Researcher Yang Shanghui from South China Normal University presented a report titled The Doctrine of Cardinal Human Relationships and Governance Ways: The Theory of Heaven and Humanity in the "Great Plan"of the Book of History. Researcher Yang highlighted that the "Great Plan" in the Book of History encapsulates the primordial political governance order and its framework, with the core of the Heaven-human relationship theory shifting from the religious mandate of Heaven to the rational principle of the Heavenly Way, thereby illuminating the potential path for the establishment of human morality. Postdoctoral Researcher Huang Shaowei from the School of Humanities, Tsinghua University delivered a report titled Heaven as Judge and the Heavenly Emperor as a Spirit and God: The Concept of the Heavenly Emperor in the "Milky Way" of the Book of Songs. The poem Milky Way reveals the distinction between the nature of Heaven and the Heavenly Emperor. The essence of the Emperor is that of a spirit and a god, while Heaven, distinct from spirits and gods, assumes the role of a judge; the Heavenly Emperor possesses emotions, whereas Heaven is silent, colorless, wordless, and heartless, perpetually aloof and never descending to the mortal realm. Dr. Luo Li from the Philosophy Department, Sichuan University presented a report titled The Practice of the Way of Benevolence and the Value Redemption of Historical Writing. In the Biography of Bo Yi by Sima Qian, the inquiry into whether Bo Yi harbored resentment continues, elucidating the complex relationship between the practice of the way of benevolence and specific historical contexts: historical events in objective time cannot provide a guarantee of moral value; such assurance can only be achieved through historical writing. Lecturer Kuang Qili from Chongqing University delivered a report titled The Mysterious Path of the Doctrine of the Mean. Lecturer Kuang pointed out that Kong Yingda's Correct Meaning of the Doctrine of the Mean is characterized by three features, including introspection, abstraction, and a diminishing emphasis on political and educational implications. Associate Professor Zhu Xuebo from Chongqing University presented a report titled From the Style of the Hundred Schools to the Aura of the Confucian Classics. He noted that the study of the Book of Songs during the Song Dynasty (960-1279) exhibited a transformation akin to the transition from the style of the Hundred Schools of Thought in the Warring States Period (475-221 BCE) to the scholarly aura of Confucians of classics during the Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 AD).

A symposium on classic interpretations

　　The seventh session was presided over by Professor Zhou Chunjian from the Department of Philosophy at Sun Yat-sen University. Associate Professor Qin Jiming, also from the Department of Philosophy at Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai), delivered a presentation entitled History, Myth, and Ritual Systems. He highlighted that the Baihu General Sense encompasses multiple historical narratives, employing the cyclical concept of the Three Unifications and Three Correctnesses to elucidate the succession of ancient dynasties and the rise of new rulers. He distinguished between the ceremonial and legal systems as "wen" (the ornamental) and "zhi" (the real), portraying the evolution of human civilization as a progression from the ornamental to the real. Professor He Dahai from the School of Marxism Studies at China University of Petroleum presented a report titled The Possibility of Constructing Hermeneutics of Prognostication Texts and Apocrypha. He pointed out the challenges faced by the study of prognostication texts and apocrypha, such as its ancient origins and the lack of geographical and cultural context. He suggested that research could advance by returning to the authors and texts themselves, distinguishing between interpreters and authors, as well as readers and listeners. Professor Zeng Jun from the School of Literature at Huanggang Normal University delivered a report titled Exploring the Profundity of "The Great Record of Mourning" in the Book of Rites: What Constitutes the Greatness of Mourning Records. The Great Record of Mourning articulates the rites of funerals through the significance of mourning attire, extending the familial and kinship rituals through the principle of "kinship." It expands the social and political space by emphasizing the principle of "respecting the noble" in the feudal patriarchal system. Lecturer Qian Yin from Hebei University of Technology presented an investigation titled The Examination of Qing Scholars on the "Personal Welcome" Ritual in the Gongyang Commentary. The report highlighted that the debates surrounding the "personal welcome" ritual in the Gongyang Commentary primarily focus on two issues, including the crossing of borders by feudal lords and officials to personally welcome, and the personal welcome by the Emperor or the Son of Heaven.

　　On the afternoon of the 15th day of the month, the fifth sub-forum of the second unit, themed "Interpretations of Ancient Literature and Culture", was presided over by Professor Yang Haiwen from Sun Yat-sen University. Associate Professor Cheng Fangyi from the Boya (Liberal Arts) College of Sun Yat-sen University delivered a report titled An Examination of Chupu. In his presentation, Professor Cheng meticulously traced the history of the game Chupu, from its inception and development to its eventual decline. Professor Wang Wei from Wenzhou University presented a report titled Music in the Poetry and Prose of Cao Pi. He critiqued works such as The Good Deeds and A Letter to Fan Qin, arguing that Cao Pi's musical theories lacked an understanding of "ritual". Post Doctorate Ding Yifan from the School of Chinese Language and Literature of Lanzhou University delivered a report titled The Formation of Biographical Formats in Anthologies: A Discussion on the Construction of Anthology Criticism. He noted that the biographical sketches of authors in anthologies likely originated from narrative records produced during document compilation and gradually integrated with the anthology format as the text evolved. Lecturer Li Qihui from Hanshan Normal University presented a report titled Sovereign Grace and Ferocious Beasts: An Intellectual Interpretation of Han Yu's "Crocodile Essay". She highlighted that Han Yu's Crocodile Essay blends various literary forms—sacrificial texts, proclamations, and manifestos—into a unique "hybrid form," crafted to express a quest for spiritual enlightenment. Associate Professor Liang Dandan from the Department of Chinese Language and Culture of Sun Yat-sen University delivered a report titled The Concept of Metaphor and Allegory in Ouyang Xiu's "Original Meaning of the Mao Version of the Book of Songs" and His Hermeneutic Thought. Professor Liang pointed out that Ouyang Xiu's proposal of "using objects as metaphors" in Original Meaning of the Poetry was a response to his hermeneutic context, breaking through the interpretative limitations of the allegorical tradition since the Han Dynasty.

　　The sixth sub-forum primarily delved into the study of Neo-Confucianism and the School of Mind during the Song and Ming Dynasties, presided over by Professor Zhang Fengqian from Xi'an International University. Professor Chen Chang from the Department of Philosophy at Sun Yat-sen University presented a report titled The Multiple Dimensions and Transcendence of Meditation Practice: A New Perspective on Wang Yangming's Meditation Practice. Professor Chen emphasized that the purpose of Wang Yangming's meditation practice in the School of Innate Knowledge is not to detach from the mundane, but rather to fully integrate with daily life, thereby restoring an inherent unity with the world and returning to the authentic state of life. Lecturer Wu Zusong from Beijing Normal University delivered a report titled Zhan Gan Quan's Theory of "Neither Forgetting nor Assisting"—A Discussion on His Dispute with Wang Yangming. The contention between Gan Quan and Yangming on the concept of "neither forgetting nor assisting" stemmed from their differing interpretations of "focusing on one". Special Associate Research Fellow Huang Youhao from Sun Yat-sen University presented a report titled The Reception of Zhu Xi's Theory of Factionalism by the Donglin Scholars. He explored how Gao Panlong, at various stages, accepted, utilized, and developed Zhu Xi's theory of factionalism, illustrating how Donglin scholars navigated the complex political landscape of the late Ming Dynasty (1368-1688). Assistant Research Fellow Wang He from the School of Liberal Arts, Nanjing University presented a report titled The Textual Structure and Ideological System in the Study of the Four Books during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Using the theory of knowing and doing in the Doctrine of the Mean as an example, he pointed out that the specific textual structure in the "Four Books" directly influences scholars' annotations, thereby shaping their ideological systems. The interpretation of the contextual relationships in the classics is one of the fundamental methods of Chinese classical studies. Lecturer Wang Xinyu from Nanjing Normal University delivered a report titled The Threefold Implications of Zhu Xi's Historiography on "Orthodoxy". He highlighted that Zhu Xi's historiographical concept of "orthodoxy" is prominently reflected in his monumental work titled The Outline and Details of the Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government, which can be divided into threefold implications, including the grand unification, the strict ruler-subject and father-son relationships, and the realization of the kingly way.

　　The seventh sub-forum was presided over by Associate Professor Li Chen from Shenzhen University, focusing on the thought of the Pre-Qin Period. Professor Liu Zhirong from the Chinese National Academy of Arts delivered a report titled On "the Constant," "Knowing the Constant," and "Practicing the Constant" in Laozi. The current version of the Laozi discusses "the Constant" in the chapter "Reaching the Ultimate Emptiness," emphasizing the theory of the Dao; the chapter "Thick Virtue" leans more towards the theory of virtue; and the chapter "The World Has a Beginning" explores the principles of learning the "Constant Dao" and nurturing "Constant Virtue." Professor Li Weixue from the School of Art and Humanities at Sichuan Fine Arts Institute presented a report titled Revolutionary Conservatism or Non-action: A Comparative Reading of Heidegger and Laozi. Professor Li Weixue examined the philosophies of Laozi and Heidegger from the perspectives of presence, time, and language, aiming to achieve a deeper understanding of Heidegger. Associate Research Fellow Ma Shuo from the Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences delivered a report titled The Evolutionary Path of the Pre-Qin Period's Military Thought from "Ritual" to "Power"—Also Discussing "Sima Rangju's Art of War" and "The Art of War". The report highlighted the transition in the Pre-Qin Period's military thought from "Dao" to "Technique," as reflected in the shift from Sima Rangju's Art of War to The Art of War.

　　On the morning of the 16th day, the third sub-forum was presided over by Professor Liu Zhirong from the Chinese National Academy of Arts, focusing on discussions surrounding Confucianism, Neo-Confucianism, and their subsequent developments. Associate Professor Yang Jiwei from Guangdong Institute of Public Administration delivered a report titled The Epistemological Transformation of Neo-Confucianism from a Chinese-Western Perspective. Professor Yang highlighted that the scholar group, represented by Fang Yizhi, integrated Chinese and Western intellectual resources to achieve a knowledge-oriented shift in the concept of Li (principle), creatively advancing the epistemology of Neo-Confucianism by dividing Li into "physical principle," "ultimate principle," and "governing principle." Dr. Yu Xuebin from Tongji University presented a report titled A Critical Review of the Qing Dynasty's Studies on the "Book of History". Pi Xirui revisited the scholarly disputes between Yan and Mao, aiming to thoroughly organize the Qing Dynasty's scholarship on the Book of History. Associate Professor Li Chen from Shenzhen University delivered a report titled What Does the Sage Teach: On a Path to Practical Confucian Education. Professor Li pointed out that Jian Chaoliang, in his extensive commentary on the "Zi Shiwei" chapter of Variorum of the Analects of Confucius: A Brief Commentary for Supplementing and Correcting, explored the long history of interpretation in Confucianism from the Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 AD) to the Song Dynasty (960-1279) and the educational concepts in the Analects of Confucius. Professor Qin Xingguo from Beijing Normal University presented a report titled Ethics, Politics, and Literature: On Liu Shipei's Multifaceted Study of the "Book of Songs". Liu Shipei regarded the Book of Songs as a textbook for singing and used it to discuss issues of "public" and "private". Associate Professor Fu Xihong from Sun Yat-sen University delivered a report titled Strict Differentiation of Substance and Function: On Mou Zongsan's Dual Misunderstandings of Confucianism during the Song and Ming Dynasties. Mou Zongsan, by focusing solely on substance, excluded the function that is opposed to substance, thereby contradicting the fundamental orientation of the understanding of Dao, and the mutual integration of substance and function. Mou Zongsan overlooked the connection between spirit and principle in Zhu Xi's thought and ignored the inherent dynamism of principle.

　　The fourth sub-forum delved into the interplay between traditional Chinese medicine and classical music, and it was presided over by Professor Lai Quping from Sun Yat-sen University. Post Doctorate Yan Minmin from the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences delivered a presentation entitled A Humble Discussion on Research Methods for Interpreting Classical Chinese Medicine Texts. She highlighted that the recent rise of disciplines such as the philosophy of science and the history of science and technology has prompted a reevaluation of science itself, leading to the realization that science should not be the sole criterion for assessing various fields. This understanding can alleviate the self-validation anxiety in traditional Chinese medicine. Assistant Research Fellow Zhou Dengwei from Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine presented a report titled An Examination of the Origins of the "Synopsis of Golden Chamber" and Excavated Bamboo and Silk Medical Texts. He asserted that Zhang Zhongjing's "diligent pursuit of ancient teachings and extensive collection of various prescriptions" is a factual account, and that the Synopsis of Golden Chamber was compiled by Zhang Zhongjing based on early bamboo and silk medical texts. Professor Li Hao from the College of Chinese and Literature at Hebei Normal University delivered a report titled New Developments in the Study of Ancient Chinese Literature from the Perspective of Medical Social History. Professor Li pointed out that medical social history provides a pathway for contemporary scholars to revisit the historical context of literary creation. Associate Professor Yin Yadi from the School of Humanities and Social Sciences at Harbin Engineering University presented a report titled Qi, Emotions, and Social Interaction: The Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine's Emotional Theory and Social Theory. Professor Yin's report continued the discussion on the localization of sociology, as explored in the book Qi and the Politics of Resistance. He elucidated the cultural foundations and mechanisms of "Qi," offering typological and phenomenological descriptions of "Qi" and its relationship with emotions. Lecturer Chen Kaihua from Guangdong University of Technology presented a report titled The Voice of the Heart: The Spirit of Confucian Scholars in the Guqin—An Investigation from the Perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine's Five Tones Theory. She noted that the creation of the Guqin embodies the original Confucian spirit, its structure reflects Confucian cultural characteristics, and its melodies express the spirit of the literati.

 

 

　　This year's annual conference features a special series of ten doctoral student forums, scheduled for 5:00 pm on the 15th day and 8:30 am on the 16th day of the month. Over 50 doctoral students were participating, hailing from prestigious universities both domestically and internationally. These include Tsinghua University, Peking University, Renmin University of China, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhejiang University, Fudan University, as well as the University of Oxford, the University of Chicago, the University of Tübingen, the University of Toronto, the University of Bonn, among others.

　　The presentations on Western studies comprise six sessions, encompassing a wide array of topics in history, literature, philosophy, and religious studies. The discussions span from ancient Greece to the modern era, specifically covering subjects such as Homer's epics, Thucydides, ancient Greek tragedy, Plato's concepts of the Good and craftsmanship, theories of ideas, the soul, and political philosophy, Xenophon's discourse on virtue education, Aristotle's ethics, Neoplatonism, Bacon's cosmology, Hobbes's state of nature, Comte's history of civilization, and Nietzsche.

　　The presentations on Chinese studies comprise five sessions, encompassing a wide array of topics that span the realms of classical, historical, philosophical works, and belles-lettres, as well as poetry and cultural education. The discussions traverse a timeline from the Pre-Qin Period to the modern age, covering subjects such as the Book of History, the debate between ancient and modern classical studies, annotations on the Book of Songs, research on the Book of Changes, Pre-Qin Period's Daoist thought, the Neo-Confucianism of Cheng and Zhu, the School of Mind of the Song and Ming Dynasties, modern Confucian thought, contemporary reinterpretations of Pre-Qin Period's philosophers, and the practical application of poetic education, among others.

　　The doctoral students' solid academic foundation and tireless pursuit of knowledge paint a picture of future classicists characterized by diligence and a quest for truth. It is eagerly anticipated that they will continue refinement and progress in their studies and research and become the mainstay of classical studies.

Doctoral student forums

 

 

　　At 10:30 on the morning of the 16th day, the roundtable discussion of this year's annual conference was held at the Swasey Hall, presided over by Professor Hong Tao from Fudan University, with Research Fellow He Fangying from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences delivering the opening remarks. Research Fellow He Fangying noted that there have been significant advancements in the field of classical studies in recent years. For instance, Research in Classics has transitioned from a compilation publication to a quarterly journal, and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has established both the "Division of Classics" and the "Center for Classical Civilizations". This prompts a cautious inquiry: Has the era of classical studies in China truly arrived? Professor He Fangying also posed several questions: How should China construct its Western classical studies discipline? Should classical studies focus more on the research of classical texts or on textual criticism, among other considerations? She concluded with the hope that, in the future, a comprehensive approach to classical studies could be achieved through the establishment of academic structures.

　　Professor Wu Fei at Peking University has observed that we are currently in a unique historical period. Despite the significant advancements in the study of Chinese and Western studies in recent years, crises coexist with opportunities. Classical studies are not merely about academic development; they are intrinsically linked to the broader trajectory of civilizational progress. We ought to navigate alongside three pairs of tensions—"Chinese and Western studies," "ancient and modern," and "text and meaning"—constantly striving to balance these contradictions rather than entirely resolving these tensions.

　　Professor Ding Yun at Sun Yat-sen University posits that the genesis of contemporary classical studies in China can be traced back to an autogenic movement in the academic community at the close of the last century. Presently, it can be asserted that classical studies are emerging as a prominent field. However, is now truly an opportune moment for the discipline to become fully institutionalized? Professor Ding advocates for a balance of courage and clarity in this era. He suggests expanding from a narrow focus on classical studies to a broader one, transcending the boundaries of civilizations or cultures (such as the East-West divide) and the temporal boundaries (such as those between Homer and Shakespeare). Furthermore, he encourages surpassing the traditional confines of established academic disciplines.

　　Professor Chen Jianhong at Sun Yat-sen University has devoted considerable thought to the practical implementation of classical studies as an academic discipline. He noted that the challenges related to disciplinary issues are a perennial concern for the Boya (Liberal Arts) College of Sun Yat-sen University, which consistently upholds the practice of nurturing talent, emphasizing the importance of engaging with the classics of human civilization and advocating for the dismantling of professional barriers. Furthermore, in classical studies, we must contemplate how to integrate Eastern and Western civilizations in their academic framework to establish an interdisciplinary approach to classical studies.

　　Professor Ke Xiaogang of Tongji University reflected upon the evolution of Chinese classical studies over the past ten to twenty years. He observed that the younger generation of scholars engaged in classical studies have surpassed their predecessors in terms of linguistic and textual proficiency. However, he noted that they fall short compared to their forebears in aspects such as contemporary relevance, classical temperament, and the essence of life. In light of this, Professor Ke Xiaogang urged the preservation of the innocence inherent in classical temperament and a return to the origins of classical creation.

　　Associate Professor Li Changchun at Sun Yat-sen University has described the recent advancements in classical studies as a significant "classical studies movement." In addressing the question of what kind of Chinese classical studies should be developed, he identifies four key characteristics, including inclusivity, reflectiveness, critical thinking, and constructive nature. Chinese classical studies are thus being developed with the aim of contributing to the construction of a new form of human civilization.

　　Professor Hong Tao concluded the roundtable discussion by suggesting that our roundtable discussion itself serves as an introduction to the construction of the discipline of classical studies. The main body of this endeavor, however, awaits completion by those of us engaged in classical education and research.

Roundtable discussion

 

 

　　The closing ceremony of this year's annual conference took place at the Swasey Hall at 11:30 on the morning of the 16th day, presided over by Associate Professor Dong Bo from Sun Yat-sen University. In his address, Professor Wu Fei from Peking University expressed his gratitude to the Boya (Liberal Arts) College of Sun Yat-sen University and the Classical Studies Research Center at Sun Yat-sen University for hosting the conference. He fondly reminisced about his tenure as the chairman of the Classical Studies Committee, noting that the society has consistently maintained its academic "innocence" and vitality, which he believes are the driving forces behind its continuous development. Subsequently, Associate Professor Li Changchun from Sun Yat-sen University announced the new council members of the Chinese Comparative Classical Studies Association following the re-election. Among them, Professor Ding Yun from the Department of Philosophy at Sun Yat-sen University was elected as the new chairman.

　　Professor Ding Yun delivered the closing address for the annual conference, paying tribute to the outstanding contributions of former Chairman Professor Wu Fei and other council members. He expressed his commitment to upholding the esteemed traditions of the Classical Studies Professional Committee and pledged to strive for the further advancement of classical studies in China. He reminded his colleagues once more that in this current "moment of classical studies," it is imperative to be both courageous and clear-headed, as the uncertainties of modern civilization pose challenges to the study and interpretation of classical studies.

　　Professor Ding Yun announced that the next Classical Studies Annual Conference would be hosted by the School of Philosophy and the Ma Yifu Academy at Zhejiang University, with the theme "The Six Classics and the Ancient and Modern World."

　　Around noon on the 16th day of the month, the 11th National Classical Studies Annual Conference concluded successfully.

The closing ceremony